1.
Leadership
1.1 What Is Leadership
Leadership has been defined in so many ways by different people. Stogdill (1974, p.7 ) pointed out in a review of leadership
research, there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there
are people who have tried to define it.( Northhouse (2015 ) Leadership
theory and practice, Seventh edition ).
As Northhouse says,”It is much like the words democracy, Love and Peace”. It
has been highlighted that “In a seminal work, Rost (1991) analyzed materials
written from 1900 to 1990, finding more than 200 different definitions for leadership
“(Northhouse 2015, p.27). In addition it is described in the emeraldinsight
Leadership & Organization Development Journal as, “It has been suggested
that the study of leadership has a history stretching back over many centuries (Clemens
and Mayer, 1999; Collingwood, 2001a, b; McAlpine, 1998; Jay, 1967)”
This proves that the word “Leadership” has several number of
definitions as well as how people tried to study about the leadership along
with how they tried to define it over many years.
According to Kotter (2001, p. 4) Leadership, by contrast, is
about coping with change.
Malcom Higgs, (2003) summarizes the leadership view when he
states that:
It is evident that the drivers of interest in leadership are
clearly associated with change and complexity in the business and
organizational environment.
2.
Management
2.1 What is Management
Management is the act of getting people together to fulfil
expected goals and objectives using available resources effectively and
efficiently. Actually management is the process by which the execution of a
given purpose is put into operation and supervision.
According to Kotter (2001, p.4) Management is about coping
with complexity. As he stated in his
book, good management brings a degree of order and consistency to key
dimensions like quality and profitability of products.
According to Nothhouse (2015, p.13), “Management was created
as a way to reduce chaos in organizations, to make them run more effectively
and efficiently. The primary functions of management, as first identified by
Fayol(1916) were planning, organizing, staffing and controlling. These functions
are still representative of the field of management today.
3.
Relationship between Leadership and Management
While management includes on planning, organizing, staffing,
directing and controlling; Leadership is mainly a part of directing functions
of management. These two terms some instances considered as synonymous. It is
essential to understand that leadership is an essential part of effective
management. Both management and leadership have their own functions and
characteristic activities.
Leadership is process that is similar to management in many
ways. Leadership involves influence, as does management. Leadership entails
working with people, which management entails well. Leadership is concerned
with effective goal accomplishment, and also is management. (Northhouse, 2015)
4. The difference between Leadership and Management
As described by Northhouse (2015, p.38), Leadership is also
different from management. Whereas the study of leadership can be traced back
to Aristotle, Management emerged around the turn of the 20th century with the
advent of our industrialized society.
As Kotter (2001, p. 4) describes, Management ensures plan
achievement by controlling and problem solving, but for leadership, achieving a
vision requires motivating and inspiring – keeping people moving in the right
direction.
As illustrated Northhouse(2015, p.38) the key activities of
management are played out differently than the activities of leadership.
However as Kotter (1990, pp.7-8) stated, both leadership and management are
essential for the organizational development as becoming success.
The below picture describes that the major activities of
leadership and the management which are paying a different role.
SOURCE: Northhouse(2015, p.39) – “ Adapted from a Force for change: How
leadership differs from Management (pp. 3-8), by J.P.Kotter, 1990, NewyorkFree Press”
